荣誉与耻辱。“荣辱”是对个人或群体在社会生活中的表现所给予的评价与反馈。“荣辱”的评判以社会认可的价值标准为依据。言行符合标准，会享有荣誉；违背标准，则会遭受耻辱。此外，“荣辱”也指个人或群体对自身言行表现的道德感受，即感到光荣或耻辱。这种自我的道德感受源自对价值标准的认同。不过，不同学派所主张的价值标准会有所差别。

Honor and disgrace are evaluations of and feedback on the conduct of individuals or groups. People are judged on socially accepted values. One is honored if one complies with these values in both words and actions; and one is disgraced if one violates such values. Honor and disgrace also refer to how individuals or groups regard their own conduct morally in terms of honor or disgrace. These moral sentiments originate from people's identification with values. However, different schools of thought tend to espouse different values.

引例 Citation：

◎先义而后利者荣，先利而后义者辱。（《荀子·荣辱》）

优先遵守义的原则而后才考虑利益的人，会享有荣誉；优先谋求利益而后才考虑道义的人，会遭受耻辱。

Those who put righteousness before personal interests will be honored. Those who put personal interests before righteousness will be disgraced. (Xunzi)

推荐：教育部 国家语委

供稿：北京外国语大学 外语教学与研究出版社

责任编辑：钱耐安