自治 Self-discipline/Self-control
自己治理自己，包括修养自身德行、约束自己行为、管理自己事务等含义。在政治上，它属于“人治”范畴。它要求治理者顺应形势严格管好自己，以身作则，然后带动广大民众管好自己及自己的事情，进而达成整个社会的良好治理状态。近代以来，人们用它与autonomy和self-government对译，使“自治”一词演变为政治概念，指依据法律规定，在一个国家内，民族、地区、团体等除了受所隶属的国家、政府或上级单位领导外，行政上相对独立，对自己的事务可以独立行使一定的权力，如“地方自治”“民族区域自治”等。
The ability to control one's self includes cultivating one's mind, controlling one's behavior, and managing one's affairs. Politically, it falls into the category of "rule by man," in which the ruler exercises strict self-discipline and sets an example, so that the people also manage their affairs properly. This leads to positive social governance. In modern times, zizhi (自治) is used as the counterpart of "autonomy" or "self-government," so it has become a political concept. It means that, within a state, ethnic groups, geographic regions and civil groupings have a certain amount of administrative independence while still following national, governmental and organizational regulations, e.g., "local autonomy," and "regional ethnic autonomy."
引例 Citations：
◎是故明君知民之必以上为心也，故置法以自治，立仪以自正也。（《管子·法法》）
因此，贤明的君王知道百姓一定是以君王的喜好为中心的，所以制定法度用来治理自己，树立礼仪用来规正自己。
Therefore, a wise ruler knows that since the people will follow his preferences, norms and rules to guide and limit his personal thought and action must be set. (Guanzi)
◎故百姓则君以自治也。（《礼记·礼运》）
所以，百姓都是效法国君来达到自我治理的。
Therefore, the people will emulate the ways of the ruler to manage themselves. (The Book of Rites)
◎夫治民与自治，治彼与治此，治小与治大，治国与治家，未有逆而能治之也，夫惟顺而已矣。（《黄帝内经·灵枢·师传》）
治理百姓和治理自身，统治这里和统治那里，处理小事和处理大事，治理国家与治理家庭，从没有违背事理却能治理好的，只有顺应事理才能治理好。
Whether managing others or controlling oneself, ruling here or there, dealing with small or big matters, governing the country or directing a household, success depends on conforming to concrete conditions, otherwise all efforts will fail. (Yellow Emperor's Internal Canon of Medicine)
推荐：教育部 国家语委
供稿：北京外国语大学 外语教学与研究出版社
责任编辑：钱耐安
